A researched gemological and metaphysical guide to Sapphire—the non-red gem variety of corundum, Al₂O₃, Mohs hardness 9, September birthstone, and modern symbolic associations with wisdom, integrity, and clarity.
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Blue Sapphire is gem-quality corundum, Al2O3, colored chiefly by trace-element interactions involving iron and titanium and prized for its Mohs hardness of 9. Explore its mineral science, treatment notes, historic...
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